Jonsson (2019:9): argues post-2014 Western use of hybrid warfare has become so vague as to be meaningless, since it encompasses military, paramilitary and civilian and overt and covert activities. However, notes the original 2005 US definition authored by Frank Hoffman and James Mattis is more useful, because insistence on use of tactics being synchronous narrows definition, as does exclusion of nonmilitary means.
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